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Testicular Pain and Scrotum Pain

Testicular pain and scrotal pain refer to discomfort that occurs in one or both testicles or within the scrotum (the sac that holds the testicles). Pain can range from mild and dull to sudden and severe, and the cause can vary from minor issues to medical emergencies.

Diagnosis

When evaluating someone with testicular pain, the first priority is to rule out any serious underlying conditions. This includes making sure there is no infection, hernia, or tumor present. To do that, we typically perform a thorough evaluation, which may include laboratory testing and a testicular or scrotal ultrasound. Once these more serious causes have been ruled out, we can then focus on identifying the source of the pain and developing an appropriate treatment plan.

Common causes

Testicular torsion (emergency)

A twisting of the spermatic cord that cuts off blood flow to the testicle. Symptoms include sudden, severe pain, swelling, nausea, and sometimes abdominal pain. This requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis (a tube behind the testicle), often due to infection. Symptoms may include gradual pain, swelling, burning with urination, and fever.

Orchitis

Inflammation of the testicle, sometimes related to viral infections such as mumps.

Hydrocele

Fluid buildup around the testicle, usually causing swelling more than pain.

Varicocele

Enlarged veins in the scrotum, often described as a dull ache or heaviness.

Spermatocele (epididymal cyst)

A common, benign, painless, fluid-filled sac in the epididymis, usually found on top of the testicle. They rarely require treatment unless they grow large, causing pain or discomfort. They do not affect fertility or cause cancer.

Trauma or injury

Direct impact or strain can cause pain, bruising, or swelling.

Inguinal hernia

When tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, causing groin or scrotal discomfort.

Referred pain

Pain from kidney stones, back problems, or nerve irritation may radiate into the testicle.

Treatment

Treatment for testicular or scrotal pain depends on the underlying cause and can range from a course of antibiotics to surgical repair of damaged testicular or scrotal tissue. Most causes are treatable, but prompt evaluation is essential to protect long-term health. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include antibiotics for infection, anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling, scrotal support and rest, or surgery in cases such as testicular torsion or hernia.

We offer testicular/scrotal pain solutions in a stress-free, comfortable environment.

To learn more, contact a provider or one of our locations — or schedule an appointment.

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