Male Infertility
Male infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy with a partner after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse (or after 6 months if the female partner is over 35). Male factors contribute to about 40–50% of infertility cases.
When you and your partner decide to have a family, nothing can be more frustrating and disappointing than challenges with conceiving.
Common causes
Sperm production problems
- Low sperm count
- Poor sperm movement (motility)
- Abnormal sperm shape
- No sperm in semen (azoospermia)
These may be linked to hormonal issues, genetic conditions, infections, or testicular damage.
Varicocele
A varicocele is enlarged veins in the scrotum that can impair sperm production. It’s one of the most common correctable causes of male infertility. May require scrotum surgery.
Hormonal disorders
Problems with low testosterone or hormones from the brain (pituitary gland) can disrupt sperm production.
Blockages
Erectile or ejaculatory problems
- Erectile dysfunction
- Retrograde ejaculation
- Premature ejaculation
Lifestyle & environmental factors
- Smoking or excess alcohol
- Side effects to drugs/medications
- Obesity
- Anabolic steroid use
- Heat exposure (hot tubs, tight underwear)
- Toxins or chemotherapy
Symptoms
Often there are no obvious symptoms besides difficulty conceiving. Sometimes there may be:
- Testicular pain or swelling
- Sexual dysfunction
- Decreased facial/body hair (possible hormone issue)
Diagnosis
Evaluation typically includes:
- Medical history
- Physical exam
- Semen analysis (main test)
- Hormone blood tests
- Ultrasound (if needed)
If you suspect an issue with your fertility or if you’re unsure, let’s talk.
To learn more, contact a provider or one of our locations — or schedule an appointment.